南京农业大学
2004 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
试题编号： 221 试题名称：英语二外
注意：答题一律答在答题纸上，答在草稿纸或试卷上一律无效
Part I Structure and VocabularySection A (5 points)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil .
1. _______ reaches the cells of the body, it is oxidized, or slowly burned.
A. As digested food B. Digested food that
C. Food is digested D. Why does digested food
2. Those were the graduate assistants _______ to do the research work in the lab.
A. to whom it was their responsibility
B. whose responsibility it was
C. whose responsibility it was
D. of whom with the responsibility
3. _________ has recently been done to provide more flats for the people, the housing problem in this city is still very serious.
A. What B. That
C. As a matter of fact D. In spite of what
4. A panda’s primary activity is sleep, __________ its waking hours looking for food.
A. for spending B. that it spends
C. will spend D. and it spends
5. Someday, solar power collected by satellites __________ the earth or fission power( 裂变能 ).
A. circled B. to circle
C. circles D. circling
6. If I were in the play, then it would be about time that I __________ my head in my hands for a cry.
A. bury B. am burying
C. buried D. would bury
7. “Church” as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, _________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
A. be B. being
C. were D. are
8. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than _________ in traditional media.
A. exist B. exists
C. existing D. to exist
9. _________, it is quite easy to drill a hole on it with laser.
A. Hard although the diamond is
B. As the diamond is hard
C. How hard is the diamond
D. Hard as the diamond is
10. Peter hasn’t begun working on his Ph. D. __________ working on his master’s.
A. still because he is yet
B. yet because he is still
C. yet as a result he is still
D. still while he is ready
Section B (5points)
Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
11. This will prevent them to abuse their power and enjoy
A B C
special privileges.
D
12. Nobody who will not try to help the other people
A B
develop his abilities deserves to have friends.
C D
13. In computer programming , this model is obviously
A B
superior than any of the others we have in the department.
C D
14. Many of the population in the rural areas is composed of
A B C
manual laborers.
D
15. The qualifying examination consists of two three-hours
A B C
periods taken on consecutive days.
D
16. Modern people alike their ancestors, are curious about
A B C
the nature of the universe.
D
17. All the blood in the body passes through the heart at
A B C
least twice the minute.
D
18. The duties of the secretary are to take the minutes,
A B
mailing the correspondence, and calling the members before
C D
meeting .
19. There is no such place which you dream of in all this
A B C D
world.
20.Thomas Jefferson is just as famous as a hero George
A B C D
Washington.
Section C (10 points)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
21. John finally has a companion in the apartment after all these _________ years.
A. sole B. single
C. lonely D. alone
22. There are no tickets _________ for this weekend’s concert.
A. possible B. available
C. preferable D. considerable
23. What you have done is _________ the doctor’s orders.
A. attached to B. resistant to
C. responsible to D. contrary to
24. There are several possible explanations for the greater job _________ in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United States.
A. stability B. credibility
C. security D. creativity
25. It was Mr. White who __________ the orphan child five years ago.
A. adapted B. adopted
C. admitted D. accepted
26. Over and over again in ancient and medieval history you find whole armies practically wiped out by the ________.
A. pirate B. parasite
C. panther D. plague
27. A sudden gust of wind nearly tore the mountaineer from the narrow rock where he was _________ .
A. perched B. inhabited
C. located D. squatted
28. Cowboys, lumberjacks, and other such folk figures took to blue jeans for their _________ and fit.
A. originality B. adaptability
C. peculiarity D. durability
29. Enterprises jointly owned by Chinese and foreign investors are quite _________ about their personnel.
A. confidential B. particular
C. optional D. drastic
30. The great cities of the world like Paris, London, Tokyo and New York, usually have _________ to the sea.
A. entrance B. approach
C. access D. convenience
31. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _________ the welfare of his animals.
A. critical about B. indignant at
C. indifferent to D. subject to
32. When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognize it as _________.
A. novel B. remote
C. distant D. foreign
33. Mr. Smith had an unusual _________: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.
A. profession B. occupation
C. position D. career
34. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, _____________ the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.
A. in proportion to B. in reply to
C. in relation to D. in contrast to
35. I don’t think it’s wise of you to _________ your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him.
A. show up B. show out
C. show in D. show off
36. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be _________ to tourist spending?
A. attributed B. derived
C. contributed D. attached
37. The use of money is not limited to high civilizations; actually many primitive peoples have __________ moneys of their own.
A. discovered B. devised
C. diverted D. diversified
38. I took the children to the Zoo today to __________ the party they missed the other day.
A. provide for B. look for
C. take delight in D. make up for
39. Shortage of land and funding are blamed for the city’s __________ green space.
A. inefficient B. inaccurate
C. inadequate D. indispensable
40. When they asked him about it, he said it was no _________ of theirs and wouldn’t tell them anything.
A. connection B. relation
C. association D. concern
Part II Cloze Test (10 points)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 41 making mistakes. It is actually caused by 42 of your “body clock” --- a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 43 . The body clock is designed for a 44 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 45 daylight and darkness at the “wrong” times in a new time zone. The 46 of jetlag often persist for days 47 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.
Now a new anti-jetlag system is 48 that is based on proven 49 pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has 50 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 51 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 52 of the discomfort of jetlag.
A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 53 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 54 light exposure depends a great deal on 55 travel plans.
Data on a specific flight itinerary （旅行线路） and the individual’s sleep 56 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 57 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.
When the Trip Guide calls 58 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 59 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 60 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.
A B C D
41. for from to of
42. rupture corruption eruption disruption
43. actions functions reflection behavior
44. regular formal continual circular
45. retains encounters possesses experiences
46. diseases symptoms signs defects
47. while whereas if although
48. adaptable approachable available agreeable
49. broad inclusive tentative extensive
50. devised recognized scrutinized visualized
51. at through in as
52. most least little more
53. attain shed retrieve seek
54. on with for in
55. unique specific complicated peculiar
56. norm mode pattern style
57. directories instructions specifications commentaries
58. off on for up
59. or and but while
60. agitation spur acceleration stimulus
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
Passage 1
By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.
Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did construct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.
No doubt some temperaments take much more kindly to a regular routine than others. There are many who shy away from the self-regimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite programme of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand the complexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects of their work. The ‘tough-minded’ school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiration.
Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of ‘freedom’. Freedom from restraint and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to ‘self-expression’ or ‘personality development’. Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality, and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.
61. The most widespread problem in applying oneself to study is that of ____________.
A. the failure to keep to a routine of methodical and intensive work
B. changing from one subject to another
C. unwillingness to follow a systematic plan
D. applying oneself to a subject only when one feels inclined
62. According to the selection, there are many students who __________.
A. do not like being commanded to study according to a weekly timetable
B. are too timid to accustom themselves to a weekly timetable
C. refuse to exert themselves the whole week as if under military discipline
D. shrink from the self-discipline required for working to a weekly plan
63. Those workers with strict views on work _______________.
A. are very critical of the belief that good work can be a natural product of instinct
B. reject the idea that good work is second nature to man
C. do not regard as serious the opinion that good work can be done at any time regardless of inspiration
D. are deeply scornful of the idea that good work can only be done when free from external influence and prompted by internal stimulus
64. In Paragraph 4 “as the fit takes them” means _____________.
A. when they have the energy
B. when they are in the mood
C. when they find conditions suitable
D. when they feel fit
65. A suitable title for the passage might be ____________.
A. Attitudes to Study
B. Study Plans
C. The Difficulties of Studying
D. Study and Self-discipline
Passage 2
Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Such special dialects are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the accuracy of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary.
Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound; and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine and philosophy have also become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are invented with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their need. Most of the newly invented words are confined to special discussions and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild ( 有限制的行会 ). The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.
66. This passage is primarily concerned with ____________.
A . a new language
B. technical terminology
C. occupations and professions
E. popular science
67. Special words used in technical discussion ____________.
A. never last long
B. should resemble mathematical formulae
C. should be confined to scientific fields
D. may become part of common speech
68. Recently there has been a marked increase in number of technical terms in the system of ____________.
A. farming
B. fishing
C. government
D. sports
69. The writer of this article was, no doubt ____________.
A. a linguist
B. a scientist
C. a physician
D. a sportsman
70. The author’s main purpose in the passage is ____________.
A. to describe a phenomenon
B. to propose a solution
C. to be entertaining
D. to argue a belief
Passage 3
Carnegie Hall, the famous concert hall in New York City, has again undergone a restoration. While this is not the first, it is certainly the most extensive in the building’s history. As a result of this restoration, Carnegie Hall once again has the quality of sound that it had when it was first built.
Carnegie Hall owes its existence to Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy owner of a steel company in the late 1800s. The hall was finished in 1891 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent performing arts hall where accomplished musicians gained fame. Despite its reputation, however, the concert hall suffered from several detrimental renovations over the years. During the Great Depression, when fewer people could afford to attend performances, the directors sold part of the building to commercial businesses. As a result, a coffer shop was opened in one corner of the building, for which the builders replaced the brick and terra cotta walls with windowpanes. A renovation in 1946 seriously damaged the acoustical quality of the hall when the makers of the film Carnegie Hall cut a gaping hole in the dome of the ceiling to allow for lights and air vents. The hole was later covered with short curtains and a fake ceiling, but the hall never sounded the same afterwards.
In 1960, the violinist Isaac Stern became involved in restoring the hall after a group of real estate developers unveiled plans to demolish Carnegie Hall and build a high-rise office building on the site. This threat spurred Stern to rally public support for Carnegie Hall and encourage the City of New York to buy the property. The movement was successful, and the concert hall is now owned by the city. In the current restoration, builders tested each new material for its sound qualities, and they replaced the hole in the ceiling with a dome. The builders also restored the outer walls to their original appearance and closed the coffee shop. Carnegie has never sounded better, and its prospects for the future have never looked more promising.
71. the passage is mainly about ____________.
A. changes to Carnegie Hall.
B. the appearance of Carnegie Hall.
C. Carnegie Hall’s history during the Great Depression.
D. Damage to the ceiling in Carnegie Hall.
72. What major change happened to the hall in 1946?
A. The acoustic dome was damaged.
B. Space in the building was sold to commercial businesses.
C. The walls were damaged in an earthquake.
D. The stage was renovated.
73. What was Isaac Stern’s relationship to Carnegie Hall?
A. He made the movie Carnegie Hall in 1946.
B. He performed on opening night in 1891.
C. He tried to save the hall, beginning in 1960.
D. He opened a coffee shop in Carnegie Hall during the Depression.
74. What was probably the most important aspect of the recent renovation?
A. Restoring the outer wall.
B. Expanding the lobby.
C. Restoring the plaster trim.
D. Repairing the ceiling.
75. Which of the following would most likely be the topic of the next paragraph?
A. A scientific explanation of acoustics and the nature of sound.
B. A description of people’s reactions to the newly renovated hall.
C. A discussion of the coffee shop that once was located in the building.
D. Further discussion about the activities of Isaac Stern in 1960.
Passage 4
The first coins to appear in the Western world were issued by the Indians and the Greeks in the eighth century B. C. These coins, which were made of electrum, a natural combination of gold and silver, were irregular in weight and quality. The pure gold and silver coins with related values which appeared during the reign of Croesus (560—546 B. C.) provide the first undoubted evidence of standard coinage by state authority. The coins were not perfectly shaped, however, for they were struck with a hand wielded hammer. The trend toward complete mathematical symmetry did not, in fact, begin until the coining press, invented by Leonardo de Vinci in the sixteenth century, was generally used in the middle of the seventeenth century.
One should not assume, however, that only machine made coins are prized for their workmanship. The silver dekadrachm from Syracuse, struck about 413 B. C., is considered one of the finest Greek coins and is worth more than a thousand dollars today. An artistic masterpiece of a much later period is the silver taler minted in Ratisbon, southern Germany, in 1754.
The value of a coin is not primarily determined by its age, as many people seem to think. Many Greek and Roman coins that were issued in abundance can be purchased for a moderate price. On the other hand, a German coin made of shrapnel during the First World War is very rare and valuable. Among the especially rare United States coins are the 1804 silver dollar, the 1822 five-dollar gold piece, and the 1894 silver dime.
76. The reason some old Roman coins are NOT costly is that they are ____________.
A. available in quantity
B. inferior in workmanship
C. irregular in shape and size
D. made out of inexpensive metal
77. Which of the following statements may NOT be made about the coins made during the reign of Croesus?
A. They were issued by the government.
B. They were given standard values.
C. They were all of equal purity.
D. They were all alike in shape.
78. the author specifically mentions all of the following features of the Syracusan dekadrachm EXCEPT its _____________.
A. appearance
B. scarcity
C. value
D. age
79. Leonardo de Vinci is mentioned in the passage in connection with ___________.
A. the first government issue of coins
B. the artistic aspect of coin making
C. coins issued in the sixteenth century
D. the production of uniform coins
80. The author makes it clear that the Syracusan dekadrachm and the German taler mentioned in the passage are _____________.
A. handmade Western coins
B. worth about a thousand dollars each today
C. made out of different metals
D. noted for their craftsmanship
Part V English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into CHINESE. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 .
Science Education in Japan
Japan has reached an important turning point. After World War II, the miracle of Japan’s economic growth was achieved through technological innovation and a cheap, well-trained laboratarian( 实验工作人员 ). (1) This innovation, however, was based on introducing basic technologies or concepts from the United States to Europe and improving them. The economic success of this “catch-up” approach ended about a decade ago because of the strength of the Japanese yen, an increase in labor costs and the growth of other countries in East and Southeast Asia. To achieve further economic development, Japan must develop breakthrough technologies that promise more benefits. (2) This change is not easy, however, because all sectors of Japanese society --- including political circles, the administration, industry, and education --- have previously been oriented toward catching up economically.
Promotion of basic research is especially important for breakthrough technological innovation. To reach this goal, science and technology policies must be reformed. (3) Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists. Japan’s educational policy used to focus on raising the overall average of all students. This tended to produce excellent economic foot soldiers rather than true leaders, although it was successful in the catch-up phase of economic growth. The ability to cooperate was considered more important than individuality and creativity, and teachers put more effort into giving students technical knowledge than evoking an interest in science.
The central Council for Education is now discussing the reform of primary and secondary education. (4) Its major goal would be to give more free time to school children and foster their interest in nature, science, and technology. Cultivation of individuality is another important goal. And in higher education, developing the creativity of gifted students is an important challenge.
Japanese universities have been undergoing radical changes in the past several years. Many are in the process of curricular reform, faculty development, and evaluation of teaching, in accordance with new policies for science education. (5) University faculties, which used to be rather research-oriented, are slowly beginning to pay more attention to teaching. Before the war, graduate schools were small and attended only by academic researchers. Now, things are different.
Part VI Guided Writing (15 points)
Directions: Write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 120 words about “Private Cars In China”. Base your composition on the outline given below:
1. 应该 / 不应该鼓励私人买车
2. 原因
3. 鼓励 / 限制私人汽车的措施
