一、单选题。
1.The scholars who put forward interaction hypothesis hold ________.
A) language acquisition is a process of “stimulus-response”.
B) humans are predisposed to acquire a language.
C) human’s linguistic potentiality must be combined with the environment.
D) human’s linguistic environment can be ignored as long as humans have language acquisition device.
2.American Black English is _______.
A) a social variety B) a regional variety
C) a combination of social and regional dialect. D) a temporal dialect
3.According to Basil Bernstein, elaborated code is extensively used by _________.
A) middle class people and their children.
B) working-class people and their children.
C) both middle class and working class people
D) parents of children without any distinction of social background.
4. Read the following two sentences and decide what kind of error the learner commits in the second sentence:
He practiced English a lot last month. (1)
*She comed back home early yesterday. (2)
The error in the second sentence belongs to the category of ___________.
A) mother tongue interference B) overgeneralization
C) cross-association D) performance error
5.In the Semantic Triangle advanced by Ogden and Richards, “thought or reference” is ______.
A) word, sentence B) the object C) concept D) symbol
6.The word “laze” is an example of _______ in word formation.
A) acronym B) blending C) functional shift D) back formation
7. Pragmatics is a study of ________.
A) language learning B) language acquisition
C) language planning D) language in use
8. A linguist is interested in _________.
A) what is said B) what is right both in syntax and in semantics
C) what is grammatical D) what ought to be said
9. In English elements in construction are generally _______.
A) linear B) continuous C) discontinuous D) endocentric
10. __________ is a sound produced by bringing the tip of the tongue into contact with the upper teeth to create the obstruction.
A) An alveolar B) A bilabial C) A palatal D) A dental
二、名词解释
1.linguistic universals 2.language acquisition device:
3.cultural diffusion 4.suggestopedia:
5.polysemy 6.utterance meaning:
7.coinage 8.articulatory phonetics:
9.endocentric construction 10.structural change:
三、判断
1.According to Chomsky, the word “competence” is not limited to the ability of an ideal native speaker to construct and recognize grammatical sentences in his language.
2.Eskimos have countless words for snow because snow is so common in their culture that they regard it far less important.
3.Plato and Aristotle argued that the categories of thought determined the categories of language.
4.Audiolingualism, contrary to American structuralism and behaviorist psychology, emphasizes the importance of regular patterns.
5.People in the west tend to verbalize their gratitude and compliments less than Chinese speakers.
6.It is unlikely that there is a prelinguistic stage when babies just babble.
7.When varieties are classified in terms of use, they are called registers.
8.From sociological view we can derive meaning from context.
9.The relationship between “alligator” and “reptile” is homonymy.
10.Denotation id the additional meaning than an expression carries while often shows people’s attitudes or emotions towards the subjects being talked about.
11.Speech act theory was proposed by Austin and has been developed by Grice.
12.A language is weakened when it borrows large numbers of words from other languages.
13.Searle suggests 5 basic categories of illocutionary acts as follows: assertives, commissives, expressives, informatives and declarations.
14.There is a single cause of language change.
15.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.
16.Spoken utterances share some common linguistic features with written utterances.
17.A small set of rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, all of which are idiomatic.
18.IC analysis shows linear relationship, so it helps to account for the ambiguity of certain constructions.
19.Linguists are interested in the sounds that convey meaning in human linguistic communication.
20.Simply speaking, a morpheme can be defined as a minimal unit of meaning.
四、问答
1.Of all the theories you have learned on language acquisition, which one seems to you most reasonable? Why?
2.Point out the marked differences between sociolinguistic study and traditional linguistic studies.
3.How does the following exchange of conversation illustrate the Politeness Principle?
A: We’ll miss Bill and Agatha, won’t you?
B: Well, we’ll miss BILL.
4.What is the distinction between sense and reference?
5.How do you tell compounds from the noncompounded word sequence?
6.What are the two criteria suggested by Chomsky for judging grammar?
