一、单选题。
1.Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?
A) Language is a system. B) Language is symbol
C) Animals also have language. D) Language is arbitrary.
2.The word “partner reduction” is an example of _______ in word formation or use.
A) acronym B) blending C) euphemism D) back formation
3.All words contain a _______.
A) root B) bound morpheme C) prefix D) suffix
4.When we say that we can change the second word in the sentence “He is waiting outside” with another word or phrase, we are talking about ________ inside the sentence.
A) syntactic relations B) paradigmatic relations
C) linear relations D) government
5.Chomsky holds that the major task of linguists is to _______.
A) tell people how to speak appropriately.
B) study real “ facts” in daily settings.
C) look for “the universal grammar”.
D) tell people what is right in language use.
6._______ is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a summation of the meaning of each constituent word.
A) Collocation B) Idiom C) Semantic component D) synonym
7.“We can do things with words”---- this is the main idea of ______.
A) the Speech Act Theory B) the Cooperative Principle
C) the Politeness Principle D) semantics
8.Which of the following words is a derivational one ________?
A) black board B) teaches C) consideration D) books
9.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is _________.
A) informative B) phatic C) directive D) performative
10.________ is not a suprasegmental feature.
A) Aspiration B) Intonation C) Stress D) Tone
二、定义
1.formality: 2.constatives:
3.illocutionary act: 4.phoneme:
5.resultative motivation: 6.cognitive strategies:
7.critical Period Hypothesis: 8.positive transfer:
9.comprehensible input: 10.priming effect:
三、判断
1.Simplification of grammar occurs, so does elaboration or complication.
2.Five general types of speech acts share the same illocutionary point, but differ in strength.
3.Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentences.
4.Phonology is concerned with the abstract set if sounds in a language which allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we say and hear.
5.The analyst collects samples of the language as it is used, not according to some views of how it should be used. This is called the prescriptive approach.
6.The term “learning”, when used of language, refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situation. The term “acquisition”, however, applied to a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of vocabulary and grammar of a language.
7.Broad transcription is normally used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.
8.Sense means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world.
9.The notion of context is essential to the semantic study of language.
10.Language is both arbitrary and non-arbitrary.
四、问答
1.Specify the cognitive factors in child language development.
2.Draw the tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure. The boy who was sleeping was dreaming.
3.Specify the five types of synonyms.
4.What are the possible causes of language change?
五、评论
Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, pr of the dictionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground.
Walt Whiteman
Do you share your opinions with Walt Whiteman or not? What’s your understanding of language?