（1）名词后缀
-ability，-ibility
able—ability
flexible—flexibility
-age
post—postage
short—shortage
-al
arrive—arrival
refuse—refusal
-an，-ian，-arian
library—librarian
music—musician
-ance，-ence
appear—appearance
refer—reference
-ancy，-ency
emerge—emergency
expect—expectancy
-ant，-ent
apply—applicant
correspond—correspondent
-cy
accurate—accuratcy
private—privacy
-dom
king—kingdom
free—freedom
-ee
employ—employee
interview—interviewee
-er，-or，-ar
paint—painter
beg—beggar
-ery
brave—bravery
slave—slavery
-ese
China—Chinaese
Japan—Japanese
-ess
actor—actress
waiter—waitress
-ful
hand—handful
spoon—spoonful
-hood
child—childhood
man—manhood
-ics
electron—electronics
linguist—linguistics
-ion，-ition，-ation
collect—collection
observe—observation
-ism
Marx—Marxism
socialist—socialism
-ist
psychiatry—psychiatrist
violin—violinist
-ity，-ty
cruel—cruelty
pure—purity
-ment
move—movement
retire——retirement
-ness
dark——darkness
happy——happiness
-ology
climate——climatology
future——futurology
-ship
friend——friendship
scholar——scholarship
-sion，-ssion
decide——decision
expand——expansion
-th
grow——growth
wide——width
-ure
close——closure
expose——exposure
（2）动词前缀
-en
deep——deepen
fast——fasten
-ify
class——classify
simple——simplify
-ize，-ise
modern——modernize / modernize
popular——popularize / popularize