2012硕士生入学考试英语试题答案（跨考版）

2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案

　　Section Ⅰ Use of English
　　1-5 BABDC 6-10 BDBAB 11-15 ACCDA 16-20 CACDD
　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
　　21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.A 31.A 32.B 33.B 34.B 35.C 36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.A

　　Part B
　　This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere morals.
　　Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”
　　This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.

	[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
41. Petrarch	[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
42. Niccolo Machiavellli	[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives  were hard to imitate.
43. Samuel Smiles	[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
44. Thomas Carlyle	[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
45. Marx and Engels	[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.
	[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.

　　41. Petrarch出现在文章第二段第二行“In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus （or virtue） of classical heroes.”根据此句的提示，Petrarch强调英雄美德。正确答案为A。
　　42.该题可定位于文章第二段第五行“This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head.In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.”由此可知Niccolo Machiavelli的态度是反对美德作为成功人士的必要成分。根据此句的提示，正确答案为F。
　　43. 该题可定位于文章第三段第三行“By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores .”Samual Smiles 描写了工程师们、企业家们和探险家们有价值的生活。根据此句的提示，正确答案为G。
　　44. Thomas Carlyle出现在文章第四段第二行“These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere morals.”由此得知Thomas Carlyle的观点在于划时代的人物的生活很难模仿。因此，正确答案为C。
45.Marx and Engels主张Communist Manifesto共产党宣言，可定位于第五段第二行，“And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.”历史应该是人民大众的故事，他们斗争的记录。因此，正确答案为E。
 

　　Part C
　　46.在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的推动力”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。 47. 在这一点上，达尔文学说似乎给人们提供了准则，如果所有人种同宗同源，那么 “文化多样性也能追溯到更为单一的源头”的假定也就不无道理了。 48. 将偶发的和独特的从这些共性中筛除掉能够让我们了解文化行为的复杂起源以及是什么在发展中或认知过程中指导我们。 49. 第二，乔舒亚•格林贝格采用了一个更加经验主义的方法来解释普遍性；他认为许多语言都共有特性，（尤其是在语序上）；这些特性被认为代表了由认知限制所带来的偏见； 50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言改变的模式，该模式是独立于家谱也独立于贯穿家谱的路径，而格林伯根的统一性理论则预言了不同种语序关系之间的特定的相互依存性。
　　

 

　　Section III
Dear All,
　　I am writing on behalf of our Student’s Association to send our warm welcome. And in order to make you adjust life in China, I am making some constructive advices with regard to the life in our university,
　　To begin with, you’d better grasp the basic communicating vocabulary as much as possible so as to freely express yourself. In addition, you can read some books on Chinese customs and daily life style in case you feel uneasy once join a completely strange context. Finally, relax yourself and feel confident toward your future life. I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
 

Sincerely yours,
Li Ming