考研英语复习：析句子成分，破解长难句

　　The girl (主语) is (系动词) Mary (表语).

　　各部分扩展：

　　The girl in a pink hat with a book in her hand is probably Mary a kind-hearted girl of inexhaustible energy which often amazes her classmates.

　　注：此句的扩展同上（也是通过添加修饰成分变复杂），不再赘述。

　　二、句子扩展：成分替换

　　句子的复杂不仅体现在修饰成分繁多上，还体现在句子成分本身的复杂化上，下面就通过句子成分由简单到复杂的替换来演示句子是如何变难的。

　　（一）钻石句型①主谓宾句型

　　主语扩展：

　　The event amazed the world.

　　What happened on July 15, 2001 amazed the world.

　　To hold the 2008 Olympics in China amazes the world.

　　Holding the 2008 Olympics in China amazed the world.

　　That China is to hold the 2008 Olympics amazes the world.

　　注：由此可见，充当主语的除了简单的名词(短语)、代词、数词，还可以是形式比较复杂的动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、主语从句。考研翻译中明确这一点，才能打开思路，更好地划分句子成分，从而做到真正理解句意，进而很好的用汉语表达出来。

　　宾语扩展：

　　He can hear me.

　　He can hear the strange sound.

　　He can hear anything happening in the building.

　　He can hear the sound from that building.

　　He can hear a girl crying in the building.

　　He can hear whatever happens in the building.

　　He decided to check what’s going on in the building.

　　He considered going to the building for a look.

　　注：由此可见，充当宾语的除了简单的名词(短语)、代词、数词，还有形式比较复杂的动词不定式(短语)，动名词(短语)，宾语从句。同样的，考研翻译中明确这一点也非常重要，有助于打开思路，理清句子成分。

　　（二）钻石句型②主系表句型

　　主语扩展：钻石句型①中的主语扩展（成分替换）已经很明确了，此处不再重复。

　　表语扩展：

　　They are beautiful.

　　They are in the zoo.

　　They are beautiful animals in the zoo.

　　They are interested in the new invention.

　　To see is to believe.

　　That is what we are talking about.

　　注：由此可见，充当表语的成分繁多，有形容词(短语)，介词短语，动词不定式(短语)，分词(短语)，名词，表语从句。考研翻译中若这些充当表语的成分变得更长一些，要注意识别。