从六大考察题型教你英语阅读解题技巧（上）

　　摘要：考研英语流传一句话，得阅读者得英语，所以阅读真的是很重要。前几天还听到有人吐槽，阅读错4、5个还有救么，当然有救了！这才哪跟哪儿，现在错这么多，好好总结经验，考研的时候就不错啦。

　　今天帮帮先为大家从小标题、细节题和推理题三个方向讲解阅读解题技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。篇幅原因，下期推送态度题（常考）、主旨题（必考）和词汇题（生词）的解题技巧，还请继续关注哦~

　　一、小标题解题步骤及技巧

　　【解题方法】段落中心+选项核心词匹配

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 分析选项，找出核心词

　　2. 逐一浏览相应段落，查找核心信息，概括段落主旨

　　在寻找段落核心信息时，主要是看有没有出现标题当中的核心词(包括原词、近义词、同根词等)或段落主题句，如果有，那就是段落的中心或主题，如果没有明显的核心词或主题句，就需要我们对段落信息进行概括和总结。

　　3. 匹配段落中心语义和标题

　　【例题】2016年英语二Part B

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　[A]Be silly

　　[B]Have fun

　　[C]Express your emotions

　　[D]Don't overthink it

　　[E]Be easily pleased

　　[F]Notice things

　　[G]Ask for help

　　As adults， it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness， often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art - and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead， they look after their wellbeing instinctively， and usually more effectively than we do as grown-ups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.

　　41___________.

　　(2) What does a child do when he's sad？ He cries. When he's angry？ He shouts. Scared？ Probably a bit of both. As we grow up， we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours， which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions， especially negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately， and then-again， like children-move on.

　　答案：[D] Express your emotions.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 分析选项，找出核心词为express， emotions

　　2. 逐一浏览相应段落，查找核心信息，概括段落主旨

　　emotions一词在本段中原词复现了两次，而且第二次出现该词的句子句首是转折词but，在找段落中心时，转折后是必读部分。最后一句提到了出现了关键词express，提到对待情绪的方式是acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately，为段落中心句。

　　3. 匹配段落中心语义和标题

　　D选项中的express在原文中原词复现，emotions 即what we feel的同义替换，选项D与原文完全对应，因此选D。

　　二、细节题解题步骤及技巧

　　【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 找出题干关键词，精确定位到文章

　　返回原文可依据以下几个关键点来：

　　1)可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文；

　　2)根据出题的顺序返回原文；

　　3)根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词，或同义词返回原文；

　　4)通过长难句返回原文。

　　2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章

　　【例题】2014年英语二Text 1 Q.21.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？ This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie， an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment， she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat； regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences， say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton， like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work， spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing， and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself， and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot， anxious about fulfillment， not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness， but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world， and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas， which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　21. According to Dumn and Norton， which of the following is the most rewarding purchase？

　　[A]A big house [B]A special tour [C]A stylish car [D]A rich meal

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1 .题干定位

　　Dumn and Norton---- Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton

　　According to----say

　　the most rewarding ----far better

　　purchase---- to spend money on

　　因此，答案定位在 experiences like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema.

　　2. 选项定位

　　答案[B] A special tour

　　special----interesting 表示"特别的，有趣的"；

　　a tour----trips 表示"旅程"。

　　三、推理题解题步骤及技巧

　　【解题方法】段落中心句+具体细节

　　【解题步骤】

　　1.找出题干关键词，精确定位到文章段落。

　　2.找出该段落的中心句。

　　3.将段落中心句与具体细节句相结合，与选项匹配。绝大多数推理题答案是文章中心或原文某句话的同义表达。正确答案与原文之间基本上不存在推理关系。

　　【例题】2014年英语二Text 1 Q.24.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？ This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie， an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment， she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat； regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences， say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton， like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work， spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing， and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself， and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot， anxious about fulfillment， not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness， but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world， and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas， which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　24. According to the last paragraph， Happy Money_______.

　　[A]has left much room for readers’criticism

　　[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

　　[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 题干定位

　　题干关键词：the last paragraph

　　Happy Money----this book

　　2. 段落中心句

　　该段中出现了两个句间转折词yet和but，中心句应为最后一个转折词之后的句子，所以本段的中心句为most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

　　3. 匹配选项

　　[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　worthwhile purchase ---- money well spent 意思是"这本书值得购买"

　　（实习小编：加油猪）