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考研语法入门篇:关系代词which,that,who的区别

  摘要:which/ that/ who三者的用法比较复杂,今天小编重点为大家梳理一下which/ that/ who用法的区别。

  which VS that

  which和that都可指代物,有时候可以互换,有时却是“水火不容”:

  一、只用that不能用which的情况:

  (1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时:

  The most important thing that we should do is to study hard.

  我们要做的最重要的事情就是努力学习。

  (2)被修饰的先行词为all/ any/ much/ many/ everything/ anything/ none/the one等不定代词时:

  Is there any thing that you want to buy?你有什么东西要买吗?

  (3)先行词被the only/ the very/ the same/the last/ little/ few等词修饰时:

  This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢的那本书。

  (3)先行词里同时含有人和物时:

  I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

  我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

  (4)避免重复

  Which is the pen that belongs to you?哪支笔是你的?

  (5)主句是there be结构:

  There is a pen on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那支笔是汤姆的。

  二、只用which,而不用that的情况:

  (1)先行词为that/ those时:

  What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

  (2)关系代词前有介词时:

  This is the city in which he lives.这是他生活的城市。

  (3)引导非限制性定语从句:

  Tom passed the exam, which made us surprised.汤姆通过了考试,这使我们很惊讶。

  that VS who

  两者均可指人,有时可互换:

  All that /who heard the news were sad. 所有听到消息的人都很伤心。

  He is the only one among us that/ who knows Spanish.他是我们中间唯一懂西班牙语的人。

  一、只用that不能用who的情况:

  (1)当先行词指人又指物时:

  I remember the persons and pictures that I saw in the museum. 我记得在博物馆看到的那些人和图片。

  (2)避免重复:

  Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯?

  (3)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略):

  Jack is not the boy (that) he was ten years ago.杰克不再是十年前那个样子了。

  二、只用who不能用that的情况:

  (1)先行词为one、ones或anyone :

  Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.  所有违法的人都该受到惩罚。

  (2)先行词为those且指人 :

  Those who break the law will be punished. 违法的那些人都会受到惩罚。

  (3)在there be开头的句子中:

  There is a student who wants to see you.

  (4)避免重复:

  Who is the boy that is writing?正在写字的那个男孩是谁?

  (5)在非限制性定语从句中:

  I have a good friend, who comes from the USA.

  (实习小编:韦斯)

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