2013年12月英语四级作文提分技巧之平行结构

　　
　　Correct: The duties of the Executive Secretary of the Administrative Committee are:
　　
　　• To take minutes of all meetings;
　　
　　• To answer all the correspondence; and
　　
　　• To write monthly reports.
　　
　　精典范例:
　　
　　Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe1 alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
　　
　　So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and that sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.
　　
　　Now the trumpet summons us again - not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need2; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are3; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, a year in and year out "rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation," a struggle4 against the common enemies of man: 5 tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.
　　
　　And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you6; ask what you can do for your country.
　　
　　--美国前总统John F. Kennedy
　　
　　注意：
　　
　　(1)划线部分为平行结构
　　
　　(2)例 1.头韵;例2&3. "We need arms"和 "We are embattled"为倒装结构;例4.同位语;例5.见冒号的用法。
　　
　　在句中使用 "and" 或"on"时, 须连接结构相同的部分。总的原则是：词与词相配, 短语和短语相配,从句和从句相配 ,句子则和句子放在一起。所有这些搭配必须是平行结构，它们应采用相同的形式。
　　
　　No: My parents went to Tibet, to Mongolia, and they even saw Hong Kong and Macau.
　　
　　Yes: My parents went to Tibet, to Mongolia, and even to Hong Kong and Macau.
　　
　　No: Jonathan noticed the way Stephanie talked and how she kept fidgeting with her fingers.
　　
　　Yes: Jonathan noticed how Stephanie talked and how she kept fidgeting with her fingers.
　　
　　一些连词，如 both/and, either/or, neither/nor,和not only/but also.常用于连接平行结构。
　　
　　No: That conference was both helpful and contained a lot of information.
　　
　　Yes: That conference was both helpful and informative.
　　
　　No: Here we either turn left or right, but I forget which.
　　
　　Yes: Here we turn either left or right, but I forget which.
　　
　　No: Fu Chong, the pianist, was heavily influenced both by his mentor and his parents.
　　
　　Yes: Fu Chong, the pianist, was heavily influenced by both his mentor and his parents.
　　
　　No: Elizabeth’s overcoat is at either the theater or her dormitory.
　　
　　Yes: Elizabeth’s overcoat is either at the theater or in her dormitory.