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考研英语语法重难点精解(5):形容词(二)



  (五)排除本身的比较级要借助other或else
  She is taller than any girls in class.
  (本句表达错误,本句中应该在girl前加other,这就排除了和她本身的比较,另外girl不能用复数,因为she只能比其他某个女孩高,不可能比所有女孩加起来还高,应改为: She is taller than any other girl in class.)

  (六)比较级前可用副词或短语来修饰表示程度
  在同级比较as...as结构前可用almost,nearly,just (about),quite等修饰词。
  在优等比较,即“比较级+ than”结构前可用(so) very much,(quite)a lot,a great deal,a bit,somewhat,still,far,by far等修饰词。
例句: Often they chose—and still are choosing—somewhat colder climate such as Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden Stars. (选自1998年Text 4)
  分析: 该句是简单句,in order to escape...作状语表示目的,of urbanization修饰plagues。
  译文: 他们常常选择——现在依然这么选择——居住在那些气候较冷的地区,如俄勒冈州、爱达荷州和阿拉斯加州,为的是逃避这个“黄金州”(加利福尼亚州)的烟雾、犯罪以及都市化带来的其他问题。
  例句: I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. (选自2003年Text 4)
  分析: 该句是复合句,其中定语从句that spend far less on medical care修饰countries,than we have是比较状语从句。
  译文: 我也深知在日本和瑞典这样医疗开销很少的国家,人们获得了比我们更长的寿命和更健康的生活。

  (七) more than和more...than
  1. more than= over,表示“超过,何止, 极其”,可以修饰名词、形容词、副词、动词或从句,放在动词前常译为“不仅仅,远,大”。
  例句: More than two hundred years ago the United States broke away from the British Empire and became an independent country.
  分析: 该句是简单句。
  译文: 200多年前,美国摆脱了大英帝国,成为一个独立的国家。
  例句: The more than 50, 000 nuclear weapons in the hands of various nations today are more than ample for destroying every city in the world several times over. (1998年第18题)
  分析: 该句是简单句,短语be ample for sth. /doing sth.意为“足以……”,介词短语in the hands of various nations today作定语修饰weapons。
  译文: 今天,各国手中掌握的5万多件核武器足以将世界上的每一座城市毁灭数次。
  2. more...than可译为“与其说……不如说……”,即more A than B,译为“与其说是B不如说是A”,强调“more”后的A,反义表达是less A than B,译为“与其说A不如说B”,强调“than”后的B。
  例句: What he said is more a story than a joke made for fun.
  分析: 该句是复合句,主语是what引导的主语从句,is是谓语,made for fun作后置定语修饰joke。
  译文: 与其说他讲述了一个逗人开心的笑话还不如说那是一个相当离谱的故事。

  (八) no more than 与 no more...than
  1. no more than= nothing more than= only表示“仅仅,只不过”之意。
  例句: The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is no more than an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience. (2001年第7题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,that he or she is no more than...在句中作sense的宾语。
  译文: 电视观众作为个体来说总是觉得,他/她只是众多不同观众中无名无姓的、不值一提的一分子罢了。
  2. no more...than...表示“不是……也不是……”或“与……同样不”之意。
  (l)no more+名词+than+名词。
  例句: Im afraid youve got the wrong person. I am no more a scientist than a mathematician.
  译文: 我想恐怕你们搞错了,我既不是什么科学家,也不是什么数学家。
试比较: She is not more a doctor than a technician. (less a doctor than a technician)
  译文: 与其说她是医生,还不如说她是技师。
  (2)no+形容词或副词比较级+than。
  例句: The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. (1994年第4题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,由主句和for引导的原因状语从句组成。
  译文: 心脏和胃一样都无智力可言,因为它们都受大脑的控制。
  例句: Mr.McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of“whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the caseendings of old English. (选自2005年Text 4)
  分析: 该句是并列句,to be natural和no more regrettable than the loss of...是see的宾语补足语。
  译文: 麦荷特先生研究的学术领域是语言的历史和演化,他将诸如whom这类词汇的逐步消失看做是正常的,认为它们与古英语尾格消失一样不值得惋惜。

  (九)not so...as 和 not so much...as
  1. not so...as是一般比较级结构,表示劣等比较。
  例句: While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. (2009年第48题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分是it is not so easy as in dealing with adults。该从句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式结构to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,介词短语in our contact with them在句中作状语。
  译文: 在和他们的交往中,我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性格产生的影响,但在与成年人的交往过程中,这种情况就不那么容易发生。
  2. not so much...as表示“与其说是……不如说是……”之意。
  例句: The chief reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvement in medical care.(1997年第6题)
  分析: 该句是简单句,介词短语as a result of improvement in medical care作状语表示原因。
  译文: 人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升,还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善而引起的死亡率的下降。
  例句: It wasnt so much that I disliked her as that I just wasnt interested in the whole business. (2000年第9题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,包含由not so much that...as that...引导的让步状语从句,that I disliked her与that I just wasnt interested in...为并列结构。
  译文: 与其说我不喜欢她,不如说我只是对整个事件不感兴趣。

  (十)不用than的比较级
  1. the+比较级...,the+比较级...,表示“越……,越……”之意。
  例句: The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (选自2007年Part C)
  分析: 该句是并列句。
  译文: 他们越是了解国家的运行方式,就越能作出好的报道。
  例句: In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. (选自2009年Text 1)
  分析: 句中第一个破折号对前面内容作进一步解释,而第二个破折号后的内容表示前面那样实践的结果。
  译文: 事实上,我们尝试的新事物越多就越能走出自己的舒适区,从而无论在职场上还是在个人生活中都具有更大的内在创造力。
  2.(ever)+比较级+and+比较级,表示“日益”之意。
  例句: The weather is turning ever colder and colder, and people have to make a fire in their homes in advance.
  分析: 该句是并列句。
  译文: 天气变得越来越冷,人们纷纷提前在家里生起了火。
  3.prefer+动名词+to+动名词=prefer to+动词原形+rather than+动词原形。
  例句: The old man himself prefers to write the letter rather than dictate others.
  分析: 该句是简单句。
  译文: 老人宁愿自己亲自写信也不愿口授他人。
  4.以ior结尾的形容词接to构成比较级,而不接than,但有些词可以用接than的比较级来替代,如: junior to(=younger than),senior to(=older than),inferior to(=worse than), superior to(=better than),prior(=before)以及preferable(比……更可取的)。
  例句: Beethoven is my favorite musician and I consider him as superior to other musicians in the world.
  分析: 该句是并列句。
  译文: 贝多芬是我最喜欢的音乐家,我认为他比世界上其他音乐家都要优秀。

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