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考研英语语法重难点精解(33):不定式(1)



  (二)充当宾语
  例句: In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.
  分析: 该句是复合句。从句they are not highly...作feel的宾语,to a dinner party是一介词短语修饰invitation。
  译文: 在那个国家,如果仅仅提前三四天才向客人发出赴晚宴的请柬,客人们会感到他们不太受尊重。
  例句: Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that the insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. (2010年第46题)
  分析: 该句是复合句。句子的主干是scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence, 后接that引导的同位语从句,介词短语with some distinctly shaky evidence作状语,修饰谓语动词jumped to,if引导一个条件状语从句,to the effect that意为“大意是……;主要内容是……”。
  译文: 科学家们立即拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据来补救,大致说的是如果鸟类不能控制害虫的话,害虫就会把我们人类吃掉。
  另外:如果不定式作宾语,其后又接补足语时,要用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(即不定式)置于补足语之后,同样,如果动名词作宾语,其后再接宾语补足时,要用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(即动名词)置于补足语之后。
  例句: The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
  (选自2005年Use of English)
  分析: 该句是复合句。定语从句which might indicate the danger of fire修饰the smell of smoke, to keep smell receptors...是真正的宾语。
  译文: 大脑会使气味接收器随时接收不熟悉的和紧急的信号,例如烟味,因为它可能意味着有火的危险。

  (三)充当表语(在系动词be, seem, appear, become之后)
  例句: Later, this idea became to be known as the SapirWhorf Hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. (选自2004年Part B)
  分析: 该句是并列句。
  译文: 随后,此观点成为著名的萨丕尔—沃尔夫假设,但这一说法并不恰当。
  例句: Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stockmarket swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.(选自2004年Text 3)
  分析: 该句是复合句。which investors now view as...是一修饰stockmarket swings的定语从句,短语view...as...意为“把……看作”。
  译文: 许多消费者似乎受到股市大幅度起落的影响,而现在投资者认为这些起伏是一个持续增长阶段的必要因素。

  (四)充当定语
  作后置定语,即位于被修饰名词之后,有时与所修饰的名词逻辑上是动宾关系,如果不定式是不及物动词,后面应加介词。
  例句: He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. (2008年第47题)
  分析: 该句是复合句。主干部分是He asserted that ...。 his power...limited是asserted的宾语从句,其中不定式to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought作定语修饰power, for which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子,在非限制性定语从句中又包含了一个由that引导的宾语从句。
  译文: 他坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限,由此他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。
  例句: And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice.(选自2007年Text 1)
  分析: 该句是简单句。Ericsson determined作插入语,known as...作后置定语,修饰process, to learn how to encode information meaningfully作后置定语修饰the best way。
  译文: 埃里克森认为,学会如何去编辑有意义信息的最好方法是众所周知的有意识练习的过程。

  (五)充当状语(表示目的、结果、原因)
  例句: The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed. (1997年第10题)
  分析: 该句是简单句。介词短语between British and American English修饰differences,so as to do引导的不定式作结果状语。
  译文: 英式英语和美式英语之间的词汇和语法区别甚微,人们几乎注意不到。
  例句: Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.(2000年第2题)
  分析: 该句是简单句。过去分词agitated在句中作主语补足语,only to find...在句中作状语,表示结果。
  译文: 怀着极大的不安,我跑回公寓,推了推门,结果却发现门是锁着的。
  例句: Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.
  (选自2004年Text 1)
  分析: 该句是简单句。to keep a close watch on ... of work和(to)gather information on compensation都作目的状语,是some use them的目的。to arm themselves则是gather information on compensation的目的状语,when negotiating for a raise的完整形式应是when they are negotiating...。
  译文: 有人便借它严密关注自己行业的需求情况,或为加薪谈判搜集相关的加薪信息。

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