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考研英语,轻松拿下长难句

  考研英语阅读、翻译等题型中多包含长难句,尤其阅读是考研英语中重要的得分点和难点对长难句的分析则决定了对阅读的彻底理解。但有的同学遇到长难句,可能会感到迷茫,无所适从;其实英语里的所有句子,不管句子多长,结构多么复杂,看起来多难,无外乎是由英语中的8种句子成分(即:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语)组合而成,或者说是在英语中的5种基本句型(即:主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主系表结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾宾补结构)的框架之上添加修饰成分扩展而来的,所以只要掌握了长难句拆分的方法,再长再难的句子就都迎刃而解了。
  考研英语长难句拆分要遵循这样的原则把主句和从句拆分出来,把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。但是遇到长难句时,具体要从哪些地方切入进行拆分呢?
  考研英语长难句拆分信号:
  1、标点符号:比如,2个逗号形成插入语,破折号表示解释说明,分号相当于“and”表示并列;
  2、连词:并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等,从句的从属连词which、that、when、how、if等;
  3、介词:介词引导介词短语,介词短语在句子中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;
  4、不定式符号to:不定式符号to引导不定式短语,在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外,还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;
  5、分词:分词包括现在分词和过去分词,在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。
  下面我们就按照长难句拆分原则,依照这些拆分信号,结合考研英语阅读或翻译真题中的长难句进行实战演练一下吧!
  This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
  (1)句子拆分
  拆分点:从属连词、介词、标点符号
  This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
  (2)句子结构
  找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
  找连词(when, that, that)
  前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词
  确定主从句
  主句:This trend began during the Second World War ;
  从句:定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War,本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
  (3)解析
  during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
  (4)本句的参考译文
  这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
  总之,只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解,弄清句子的各个成分,并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂,由复杂变得简单,这样句子结构分析技能提高了,长难句也就攻克了,对于考研阅读和翻译的理解也就简单了。
 

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