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英语作文强化攻略:如何突破模板窘境?


  ►附录:具体对策(添入上段省略号部分)

  corresponding laws and regulations

  相应的法律和法规

  official intervention

  官方干预

  intervention from business administration department

  工商管理部门的干预

  intervention from civil administration department

  民政部门的干预

  intervention from environment groups

  环保部门的干预

  penalties and fines

  处罚和罚款

  confiscate one’s illegal gains

  没收非法所得

  supervision and exposure from the mass media

  媒体监督和曝光

  new social norms should be set up

  建立新的社会规范

  disciplines and school regulation

  校纪校规

  directions and intervention from school authorities

  校方的引导和干预

  self-control

  自我控制

  self-regulation

  自我管束

  self-discipline

  自律

  take an active part in the campaign of …

  积极参与……运动

  take part in social / community / campus activities of …

  参与社会/社区/校园的……活动

  the awareness that … should be provoked by media, schools, or families

  媒体、学校和家庭应该让人们清醒的认识到……

  the right attitude to … should be nurtured by ….

  培养人们对……正确的态度

  ►图表作文素材(适用于英语二)

  第一段,描述图表

  1.常用辞令有:

  表达“缓慢”或“逐渐”的常见副词有slowly, steadily, gradually, slightly, insignificantly, gently, moderately, marginally等;词组有in a moderate way, step by step等。

  表达“上升”或“下降”的动词有rise, increase, ascend, accumulate, drop, decrease, descend, shrink等。

  表达“急剧”或“大幅”的副词有rapidly, greatly, suddenly, quickly, obviously, considerably, sharply, steeply, dramatically, enormously, incredibly, amazingly等;词组有by leaps and bounds, by a wide margin, by a massive leap等。

  表达“上升”或“下降”的动词在上文已经列出。

  还有一些动词,不需要任何修饰就可以表达急剧飙升,如shoot, soar, leap, skyrocket;

  同样,一些动词,不需任何修饰就可以表达迅速下降,如collapse, nose-dive, plunge.

  表示“达到峰值”的表达有touch the top, reach the peak等;

  表示“保持稳定”的表达有remain constant, stay unchanged等。

  表达小幅或剧烈波动的表达有fluctuate moderately, fluctuate violently等。

  2.常用句式

  第一段:描述图表句式:

  From the chart, it can be inferred / estimated that ….

  从图中我们可以推导/估测出……

  As is illustrated / demonstrated / exhibited / manifested in the chart, ……

  如这幅图表所示,……

  The chart reveals / unveils a noticeable trend in current China that ……

  本图为我们揭示了中国当前一个引人注目的趋势, 即……

  The above chart clearly mirrors / echoes a noticeable trend that ……

  上图清晰的反映出一个趋势,即……

  Emerging from the chart is a noticeable trend that ……

  图中涌现出一个趋势,即……

  Have you ever anticipated the prospects of …… in the coming decade? Let us just have a look at the figures of …… as listed in the chart above.

  您是否想过未来十年……的前景呢?我们来看看上面的这幅图吧,这幅图列出了有关……的详尽数据。

  第二段:原因分析句式

  This kind of phenomenon is not entirely a coincidence. There are several factors behind this trend. First things first, …. Apart from this, …. Last but not least, ….

  这种现象绝非偶然,本趋势背后定有原因。首先……。其次……。再次……。

  The trend in … seems to have been triggered by the following factors. To begin with, …. Apart from this, …. Last but not least, ….

  看起来,……趋势是由以下因素引发的。首先……。其次……。再次……。

  The trend in …… can be attributed to several factors, of which the following one are not to be ignored. …..

  我们可将……趋势归因于若干因素,而下面的一个因素绝不容忽视。

  It is traditionally accepted that …can account for this trend, but that is not the key point. A deeper insight into this matter would reveal that what really counts is ….

  人们总是认为……是本趋势的原因,但这不是要点。深入洞察这个问题,我们会发现……才是真正原因。

  第三段:观点建议句式

  Neither the advantage nor the disadvantage of … should escape our attention. On one hand, … On the other hand, … Therefore, we must have a right attitude toward…

  我们既不能忽视……的优点,也不能忽视其缺点。一方面,……。另一方面,……。因此,我们必须对……有正确的态度。

  Considering the seriousness of the … problem, it is high time that we take effective measures to put an end to it. For the authorities, …should …. For the general public, …should …. I am confident that with the combination of these two methods we can eventually draw this problem to an end.

  考虑到……问题的严重性,我们必须采取断然措施做一了断。对当局而言,应该……。对大众而言,应该……。这两项举措联合实施,毕竟终结这个不良的局面。

  3.如何学会运用:当我在一个段落中举到多个例子的时候,你把他上下比较一下,看看哪些句子是上下有共性,共性部分就是你的套路,非共性部分就是你的原创。

  第一段

  三种情况:数据的“变化”、“分布”和“关系”

  1.数据变化 Change / Trend / Tendency

  Emerging from the line chart is a noticeable trend that immigrant workers in mounting numbers have been swarming into X city to bring home the bacon. As is illustrated, the first five years had witnessed a moderate increase in the immigrant population, which was followed by a dramatic rise of the following five years.

  译文:曲线图中反映出的是一个引人注目的趋势:越来越多的外来务工人员涌进X城市来谋生。如图所示,前五年里,外来务工人员人数略增,随后的五年里,这个数字出现了急剧的增长。

  Emerging from the line chart is a noticeable trend that the proportion of online education subscribers has been on the rise. As is illustrated, the past three years has witnessed a moderate increase in the American subscribers, from approximately 33% to 36%, which was accompanied by a dramatic rise of the Chinese one, by about 15%.

  译文:曲线图中反映出的是一个引人注目的趋势,在线教育用户的数量在不断增长。如图所示,过去的三年里,美国在线教育用户比例略涨,从33%增至36%;其间,中国的在线用户增幅显著,增幅高达15%。

  2.数据分布 Distribution

  极值(最小、最大、倍数)

  The circular diagram demonstrates us the general information about the proportions of sub-healthy people of different ages among their peers. Comparatively, sub-healthy people in twenties account for the least part of their peers, only 4%. However, those mid-age and retiring sub-healthy individuals are the most striking fractions of their groups, 58% and 43% respectively.

  译文:这个环形图呈现给我们的是有关不同年龄群体中亚健康比例的综合信息。相对而言,青年人群众亚健康比例最低,仅为4%。然而,中年群体及退休前人群中亚健康比例最大,分别谓58%和43%。

  The pie chart demonstrates us the general information about the expenditures during spring festival.Comparatively, money spent on traffic accounts for the least part of the expenses, only 20%.However, cash poured into gift market is the most striking fraction of the festival expenditure, 40% approximately.

  译文:这个饼状图呈现给我们的,是春节期间人们的消费分布状况。相比而言,交通方面的支出所占比例最小,仅为20%。然而,礼品花费在春节消费中所占比例惊人,约为40%。

  3.数据关系 CorrelationThis line chart demonstrates us a positive correlation between the index of happiness and the educational background. Among those with postgraduate education, the indexshoots 4.32, while among those who merely experienced primary schools the value of happinessstays low, only 3.17.

  译文:这幅曲线图呈献给我们的是幸福指数和教育程度之间的正相关关系。在拥有研究生学历的人群中,幸福指数高达4.32;而在那些仅有小学教育水平的人群中,幸福指数低至3.17。

  第二段:原因或影响

  原因: 1. 次要原因(外在、他人、客观、物质) a. 消费品普及:lower price / higher income / improved living standard / easy access

  译文:价格低廉 | 收入增长 | 生活水平提升 | 容易购得

  b. 某消费降低:the development of public facilities / advanced public transportation system 译文:公共设施的提升 | 先进的公共(交通或其他)系统

  c. 某消费增长:the increase of demand leads to the price rise of … / merchant speculation or hype

  译文:需求的增长导致了……价格的增长 | 商业投机或炒作

  d. 择业与定居:better employment / better paid job / better medical care

  译文:更好的就业 | 薪酬更高的工作 | 更好的医疗资源

  e. 生活与健康:living and working pressure / financial burden (mortgage, child-rearing, parent caring)

  译文:生活和工作的压力 | 经济压力(按揭、抚养子女、赡养老人)

  2. 主要原因(内在、自身、主观、精神) a. 消费品普及:intrinsic value: convenient / time-saving / choices / functions

  译文:内在价值:便利 | 节约时间 | 更多的选择 | 更多的功能

  b. 某消费降低:people’s awareness of environmental protection / green-commuting, bicycles, walk

  译文:人们的环保意识 | 绿色出行 | 单车出行 | 步行

  c. 某消费增长:… is highly valued by the public / people’s tendency to show off

  译文:……得到人们高度的认可 | 人们的炫耀心理

  d. 择业与定居:better educational resources / broader view of the world

  译文:更好的教育资源 | 更开阔的眼界来审视世界

  e. 生活与健康:living style (balanced diet, workout, relaxation, hobby, rest, social contact)

  译文:生活方式(饮食平衡、运动健身、休闲娱乐、兴趣爱好、休养生息、社交活动)

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