《2014考研英语翻译·完形奇思妙解》图书介绍

(72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

1词汇理解	◇专业术语：agriculture and industry工农业；scientist and technologist科学家和技术人员，科技人员。 ◇一词多义：strength原义“力量”，根据其上下文得知此处翻译为“（经济）实力”。 ◇固定搭配：be bound up with与...密切相关；in turn反过来，又；rest upon取决于，依赖于。 ◇构词猜义：technologist = technology（技术）+ ist（人）= 研究技术的人，技术人员。
2句子切分	(①Furthermore), it is obvious that (②the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry), and that (③this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds).
3理解翻译	◇划横线部分为句子主干，其中包含and连接的2个并列主语从句，②和③分别为2个主语从句的内容，由于其篇幅较长，因此此处用形式主语it进行代替，而将真正主语②和③内容后置。句中A of B和A of B of C结构按照修饰关系及中文习惯翻译为“B的A”和“C的B的A”。①为表递进关系的连词，此处顺序翻译即可。
4参考译文	（①再者），显而易见的是，（②一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关），（③而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力）。

(73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

1词汇理解	◇专业术语：mass-communications大众通讯。 ◇一词多义：want原义“v. 想要”，根据上下文得知，此处表示“n. 需求”；while原义“当...的时候；然而；虽然/尽管”，根据上下文得知，此处表示“然而”。 ◇固定搭配：owing to由于，因为；be exposed to被暴露于，接触到；be forced to do sth.被迫做某事。
2句子切分	(①Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications), people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations (②for the reasons given above).
3理解翻译	◇划横线部分为句子主干，其中包含and连接的2个并列谓语动作，以及while（然而）连接的语义对立结构。①为owing to（由于，因为）引导的原因状语成分，修饰while之前分句的谓语动作；按照中文习惯顺序翻译即可。②为for引导的介词短语做状语，修饰while之后分句的谓语动作；按照中文习惯，状语前置于谓语动作进行翻译。
4参考译文	（①由于大众通讯的显著发展），各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想。然而，（②由于以上原因）各国政府经常被迫推出更为进一步的革新措施。

(74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe, the process of industrialization – with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed – was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

1词汇理解	◇一词多义：pattern原义“结构；模式；模仿”，根据social pattern得知，此处表示“（社会）结构”。 ◇构词猜义：industrialize = industrial（工业的）+ ize（动词后缀，使之...）= 使之工业，工业化。
2句子切分	(①in the early industrialized countries of Europe), the process of industrialization – (②with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed) – was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process (③in a decade or so).
3理解翻译	◇划横线部分为句子主干，其中包含whereas（然而）连接的前后语义对比结构。①为介词短语做地点状语，修饰whereas之前句子的谓语动作；按照中文习惯，顺序翻译即可。②为两个破折号之间内容，属于插入语成分，为破折号之前内容的解释、说明或补充；按照中文习惯，此处顺序翻译即可。③为介词短语做时间状语，修饰whereas之后句子的谓语动作；按照中文习惯，状语前置于谓语动作进行翻译。
4参考译文	（①在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家里），其工业化进程——（②以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革）——持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家可以（③在10年左右的时间里）经历同一过程。

(75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements – themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

1词汇理解	◇专业术语：population explosion人口爆炸，人口剧增。 ◇一词多义：mass原义“大量（的人）；大众”，根据上下文语义得知，此处表示“大量（的人）”。 ◇固定搭配：arise from产生于。
2句子切分	Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems (①arising from mass migration movements) – (②themselves) (③made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport).
3理解翻译	◇划横线部分为句子主干，其中包含because of（因为，由于）引导的原因状语。①为现在分词短语做后置定语，修饰前面名词problems（种种问题）；由于篇幅较短，此处可使用“的”前置于先行词进行翻译。②为破折号之后内容，对破折号之前内容进行解释、说明或补充，根据上下文语义得知，此处themselves指代前面mass migration movements（大量人口流动）。③为过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰前面代词themselves；由于篇幅较长，此处可将定语成分单独成句进行翻译（可先将原文改为定语从句结构再进行翻译：themselves who are made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport）。
4参考译文	由于人口猛增或（①大量人口流动所引发的）种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力——（②③如今现代交通工具使这种流动本身变得相对容易）。

全文精译

第1段 ①Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. ②(71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. ③(72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. ④It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. ⑤For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; ⑥they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; ⑦or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. ⑧In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. 第2段 ①(73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. ②At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. ③For example, (74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization – with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed – was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. ④All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. ⑤(75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements – themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. ⑥As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

第1段 ①全世界各国政府的行为都基于这样一个假设：本国人民的福利主要依赖于该国的经济实力和社会财富。②（71）在现代条件下，这需要采取不同的集中控制措施，从而这就需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等专业科学家们的协助。③（72）再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。④这也就意味着政府越来越多地被迫去干预这些产业部门，以便提高生产率并确保产品的消费发挥出最佳效益。⑤例如，政府可能利用各种方法鼓励研究工作，包括建立自己的研究中心；⑥政府可以改变教育结构，或进行干预，以便减少自然资源的浪费，开发尚未利用的资源；⑦或者在日益增多的跨国科学、经济和工业项目中直接进行合作。⑧无论如何，一切干预都离不开科学家的建议和各种科技人才。 第2段 ①（73）由于大众通讯的显著发展，各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想。然而，由于以上原因各国政府经常被迫推出更为进一步的革新措施。②与此同时，与过去相比，世界各地社会变化的正常速度越来越快。③例如，（74）在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家里，其工业化进程——以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革——持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家可以在10年左右的时间里经历同一过程。④这一切带来的后果就是，在社会内部营造了异乎寻常的压力和紧张气氛，从而给有关政府带来了严重问题需要处理。⑤（75）由于人口猛增或大量人口流动所引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力——如今现代交通工具使这种流动变得相对容易。⑥目前，以上所有这些因素产生的后果就是，为了制定合理的计划并将之付诸实施，各国政府正越来越多地依靠生物学家和社会学家。