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考研英语语法重难点精解(19):用途句子分类



  下面着重讲解考试中常出现的或大家在学习中难以理解的几种反义疑问句的构成。

  1. 陈述句的谓语为am时,简略问句否定式用arent I,肯定式为am I。
  例句: Im very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to write off my debt in return for certain services, arent I? (1998年第27题)
  分析: 该句是复合句。
  译文: 我很高兴得知老板已慷慨地同意一笔勾销我的债务来作为特殊服务的报酬,是吗?
  例句: Im not a person who is willing to run the risk to leave his child alone at home, am I?
  分析: 该句是复合句,who引导的定语从句修饰a person。
  译文: 我不是那种愿意冒险把孩子单独留在家里的人,是吧?

  2. 陈述句部分有表示否定意义的词,如hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,nothing,never, seldom,little时,简略问句用肯定形式。
  例句: The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory, can he?
  分析: 该句是简单句,which后的部分修饰grounds,全句相当于The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which he bases his argument in favor of the new theory, 其中base sth. on grounds意为“使……具有证据”。
  译文: 那位教授几乎找不到充分证据来支持其新理论的论点,是吧?
  例句: It never rains but it pours,does it? (选自2007年Text 4)
  分析: 该句是简单句,but前后并列两个谓语动词。
  译文: 不鸣则已,一鸣惊人,是吧?

  3. 陈述句部分的主语为something,anything, nothing,everything等指物的不定代词时,简略问句主语用it。
  例句: Everything that you did is just for my staying here, isnt it?
  分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that you did修饰everything。
  译文: 你所做的任何事情都只是想让我留在这里,对吗?
  又如:Something has gone wrong with my watch, hasn't it?

  4. 陈述句部分的主语为anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, everyone, everybody等指人的不定代词时,简略问句主语为they。
  例句: Everybody loves a fat pay rise,don't they? (选自2005年Text 1)
  分析: 该句是简单句。
  译文: 每个人都喜欢大幅加薪,对吧?
  例句: Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction,can they?
  分析: 该句是复合句,cant help but do sth.意为“禁不住,不得不……”,which引导的定语从句修饰the world,即take him into the world。
  译文: 没有人不对科幻小说带给我们的科幻世界着迷,是不?

  5. 情态动词dare,need作实义动词时,简略问句用助动词do/did/does。
  例句: Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes, do they? (选自2007年Part B)
  分析: 该句是简单句,破折号后的内容表示对前面内容的解释,as opposed to... 的完整形式应是as they are opposed to...,they指代models,其中be opposed to sth.意为“与……对照/对比”。
  译文: 孩子们需要有各式各样的真正的榜样——来与他们圈子里的成员对照,与流行歌星和善于自夸的运动员对照,对吗?
  例句: Standing before me, she dares not to look at me in face, does she?
  分析: 该句是简单句,分词短语standing before me在句中作状语,相当于when she is standing...。
  译文: 站在我面前,她不敢直视我,是吗?

  6.陈述句部分为主从复合句时,简略问句的谓语与主句谓语保持一致。
  例句: We can not always count on the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water, can we?
  分析: 该句是复合句,从句中so...that是目的状语从句。
  译文: 我们不可能永远依赖风,所以必须设计用水也能驱动的新风车,是吗?
  例句: Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to that it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself, doesnt it? (2001年第9题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,主句部分为conversation becomes weaker in a society,定语从句that spends so much time...修饰a society,在定语从句中又套用一个so...that...的结果状语从句,其中all but为一副词短语,意为“几乎”。
  译文: 如果在一个社会中,人们花费大量时间听别人讲话或让别人对着自己讲话,那么他们就会失去说话的意愿和技能,交谈效果就变得越来越差了,是吧?

  7. let's表示第一人称的祈使句,简略问句的谓语用shall;let us,let me表示第二人称祈使,简略问句的谓语用will。
  例句: Lets go there and ask the way to the Bell Tower together, shall we?
  Let us go there and ask the way to the Bell Tower together, will you?

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