8.must用于反义疑问句,根据must后的时间状语来判定简略问句中的谓语形式。
请比较下面两个例句。
例句: He must have worked very late in the lab last night, because he was late again this morning,didnt he?
分析: 该句是复合句。
译文: 因为今早他又迟到了所以昨晚他准是在实验室工作到很晚,是不?
例句: She must have learned English very hard these days, since she made so great progress, hasnt she?
分析: 该句是复合句。
译文: 因为她进步很大,所以这段时间她一定是在刻苦学习英语,对吗?
另外: He must be a trickster(骗子), isnt he?
He cant be a trickster, is he?
9. there be/exist结构构成的反意问句,简略问句主语为there。
例句: There are those who consider it questionable that these defenselinked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternatively, do much to protect our diminishing resources, arent there?
分析: 该句是复合句,主句为There are those;定语从句who consider it questionable that these defenselinked research projects will account for...or, altematively, do much...diminishing resources修饰those;it为形式宾语指代that these defenselinked research projects will account for...or; alternatively, do much...diminishing resources。questionable在句中作宾语补足语。
译文: 有那么一些人,他们认为值得怀疑的是:这些与防御有关的研究项目是生活水平改善的原因,或者从另一方面来说,这些研究项目可以为保护我们日益减少的资源作出很大贡献,是不是这样?
例句: And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights, arent there?(选自2006年Text 2)
分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句who largely live off the tourists修饰the townsfolk,而另一定语从句who come,not to see the plays,but to look at...则修饰the tourists,在后一定语从句中两个谓语动词come to see和(come) to look at并列。
译文: 还有一些当地民众,他们的生活依赖于游客,而这些游客不是看戏而是来看莎士比亚的出生地安·哈瑟维茅舍和其他景点的,不是吗?
例句: There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers,doesnt there? (选自2001年Text 3)
分析: 该句是复合句,which引导的定语从句在句中修饰disconnect,而在定语从句中why引导的状语从句充当谓语动词explain的宾语。
译文: 记者和读者之间存在社会和文化差距,这种差距有助于解释许多读者不能理解新闻界标准模式的原因,对吗?
10. 当主句以suppose,think,believe,expect等动词作谓语,而且主句主语是第一人称时,反意问句部分与宾语从句一致,当否定转移到此类句子主句时,反意问句部分用肯定形式。
例句: I dont think its wise of you to show off your greater knowledge in front of the director,for it may offend him,is it? (1998年第23题)
分析: 该句是复合句,连词for引导的是原因状语从句。
译文: 我认为你在主任面前卖弄知识很不明智,这会冒犯他的,不是吗?
11. 在had better,would rather,would like等句中,反意部分以had,would为助动词。
例句: Youd better receive the fall because of carelessness in the exam, hadnt you?
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 由于考试时粗心大意,你最好还是接受失败,对吧?
例句: To be frank, youd rather your friends were not involved in the case, wouldnt you?
分析: 该句是复合句,would rather从句中的谓语动词应用过去时或过去完成时。
译文: 坦率地说,你不希望朋友们卷入此事,是吧?
12. 在ought to句中,反意问句部分多为shouldnt。
例句: In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments,a student ought to present his findings in logic order and clear language, shouldnt he?
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 在准备实验的科学报告时,任何学生都应该用符合逻辑的顺序及清晰的语言来表述他的实验结果,是吧?
13. 并列句中反义疑问句的构成,谓语动词根据就近分句的谓语动词而定。
例句: I am not compatible with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live, havent I? (2000年第30题)
分析: 该句because前是两个并列句,其后是一简单句。
译文: 我和室友不和,但我还得和她同住一间屋子,因为我没有别的地方可住,不是吗?
14. 陈述部分主语是不定式(短语)或动名词(短语),反意疑问部分主语用it。
例句: Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious process without scientific basis, is it?
分析: 该句是简单句,achieving a high degree of...为动名词作主语。
译文: 英语作为外语达到很高水平并非是一种毫无科学根据的神秘过程,是吗?
例句: To pick up Mr. Cheng at the airport is my task today, isnt it?
分析: 该句是简单句,To pick up...airport是不定式作主语。
译文: 今天去机场接程先生是我的工作,是吗?
三、祈使句( Imperative Sentence)
表示请求、命令的句子称为祈使句:
例句: Please restrain yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them. (1998年第31题)
分析: 该句是复合句,since the law forbids them是原因状语从句。
译文: 请不要在公共场所吸烟和随地吐痰,因为法律禁止这些行为。
例句: Please do not be irritated by his bad manner since he is merely trying to attract attention.
分析: 该句是复合句,since he is...是一个原因状语从句。
译文: 不必因为他的无礼而恼火,他只是想引人注意而已。
四、感叹句( Exclamatory Sentence)
表示强烈感情色彩的句子称为感叹句,感叹句由what和how引导,形式如下:
what+a/an+n.+...
how +adj. /adv.+...
What a charming woman she is!
How charming a woman she is!
How poorly she performed on the stage!
——选自《
考研英语语法重难点精解(2013)》 中国人民大学出版社
第二章 句子
第二节 按照结构句子的分类
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