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考研英语语法重难点精解(25):倒装句



  (二)only+副词/介词短语/状语从句(句首状语由only修饰)
  例句: Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. (选自2004年Part B)
  分析: 该句是复合句,that were very different from their own是修饰languages的定语从句。
  译文: 直到最近,语言学家才开始认真研究与他们自己所掌握的完全不同的语言。
  例句: Only when you have been absorbed in the study can you reach an idea whether it is impossible or not to complete it on time.
  分析: 该句是复合句,an idea与whether it is impossible or not to complete it on time是同位语关系,only置于状语从句之前引起倒装。
  译文: 只有当你全身心投入该研究中时,你才能得知能否按时完成。
  例句: Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
  (2009年第47题)
  分析: 该句是由and连接的两个并列简单句,两个分句都是以only开头的倒装句,在前一分句中,主干部分是the byproduct of the institution was noted, only gradually修饰noted;在后一分句中,主干是this effect was considered..., 其中only more gradually修饰considered, as a directive factor作主语this effect的补足语,介词短语in the conduct of the institution作directive factor的后置定语。
  译文: 人们只是逐渐地认识到制度这一副产品,而在运行这种制度的过程中,认识到这种效果具有指导性作用的时间则更加缓慢。

  (三)条件从句中省略if
  在虚拟语气中,条件从句if省略时,倒装到主语前的是助动词should, had和系动词were。
  例句: Were the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it could dramatically transform a familyrun enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers. (1999年第13题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,were the Times Co. to purchase是一省略if的倒装句,that it could dramatically...enterprise是doubt的同位语,而that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers是修饰enterprise的定语从句。
  译文: 如果时代公司要收购另一家主流媒体公司的话,那仍旧靠报纸获得90%收入的家族式企业的模式肯定会遭到它大刀阔斧的改革。
  例句: Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (1998年第10题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,had it not been...是一个省略if的倒装从句,整个句子表示混合式虚拟语气,主句表示与现在相反假设,从句表示与过去相反假设。
  译文: 要不是公众及时投资,我们公司不会像现在这么繁荣。

  (四)其他部分倒装情况
  表示前面陈述的情况适合于后者,前面是肯定句,后面用so引导;前面是否定句,后面用neither或nor引导,省略倒装句中的助动词在时态和语态形式上与前面句子保持一致。
  例句: Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterdays “baby boom” generation reached its childbearing years.
  (选自1998年Text 4)
  分析: 该句是复合句,as引导一原因状语从句,and so did...是省略了相同成分的倒装句。
  译文: 接连不断的移民潮,还有当年“生育高峰”时期出生的孩子已经到了生育年龄,这些因素也起了作用。
  例句: Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. (选自2005年Text 4)
  分析: 该句是由nor引导的并列句。whether in speech or in writing的完整形式是whether they are in speech or in writing,表示让步;介词短语with skill and gift在句中作状语修饰动词command。
  译文: 美国人不再期望公众人物在演讲或写作时可以娴熟地运用技巧和文采来掌握英语,而人们本身也不这样要求自己。

  (五)so...that结构
  so...that结构中,“so+状语”位于句首表强调时,使用倒装。
  例句: So much does he worry about his parents that he cant sleep well at night.
  分析: 该句是复合句,that he cant sleep well at night是一结果状语从句,so much置于句首引起倒装。
  译文: 他特别担心父母,以至于晚上难以入睡。
  例句: So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
  (2001年第6题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,that leaders at summer computer camps...是一结果状语从句,so involved with...置于句首引起倒装。
  译文: 孩子们对电脑如此着迷,以至于电脑夏令营的组织者们不得不强迫他们停下来做一些体育运动和游戏。

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