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考研英语语法重难点精解(25):倒装句



  (六)not until置于句首
  not until置于句首时,连词until引导的从句主谓不倒装,但主句的主谓结构必须倒装。
  例句: Not until you return those books to the library immediately will you have to pay a fine.
  分析: 该句是复合句。由于not until置于句首,主句will you have to pay a fine是一倒装句。
  译文: 只有及时还书给图书馆,你才不会受罚。
  例句: Not until an infant hedgehog open its eyes does it leave its nest to follow its mother about.
  分析: 该句是复合句。
  译文: 小刺猬一睁开眼就离开洞穴,步步不离地跟在妈妈周围。

  (七)下列几类副词或介词短语作状语置于句首表强调
  频度副词:often, always, many a time, every day, now and then等;
  方式副词:gladly, sadly, well, with every justification,with good reason等;
  表程度的副词或介词短语:especially, to such length(s), to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes。
  例句: With every justification did he explain his fault in the exam held by school.
  分析: 该句是简单句,with every justification置于句首引起倒装。
  译文: 他以种种借口解释他在学校举行的考试中所犯的错误。
  例句: To such a degree did he go on with his tedious speech that some of us began to yawn.
  分析: 该句是复合句,that some of us began to yawn是一结果状语从句。
  译文: 他如此滔滔不绝地进行那冗长的演讲,以至于我们中间有些人都开始哈欠连天。

  (八)as, though, no matter how, however引导的让步状语从句
  as, though引导的倒装句型为:名词(前不加a或an)/形容词/副词+as+主语+谓语,该结构可用(al)though引导的让步状语从句来替换,译为“虽然”或“尽管”。
  例句: Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.
  分析: 该句是复合句,其中从句much as I have traveled是一倒装句,短语“equal sb. in sth.”意为“在某方面与他人旗鼓相当”。
  译文: 虽然我常旅行,但我从未见过任何人于任何工作能像她那样一丝不苟。
  例句: Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementaryparticle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. (1998年第75题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,odd though it sounds是一倒装句,其中it指代cosmic inflation,介词短语in elementaryparticle physics修饰ideas,that it is true在句中作convinced的宾语,另一介词短语for the better part of a decade作状语表示时间。
  译文: 宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特,但它还是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家十年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。

  (九)be+主语+其他(若其他是单数名词作宾语,则名词前不接不定冠词a/an)
  这是一开放式条件状语从句,属于特殊倒装结构,表示泛指。该结构可用whether...or结构来替换,同时单数名词前的不定冠词保持不变,可译为“不管是……”。
  例句: Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. (2001年第10题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,be they...是一倒装句,相当于whether they are...。
  译文: 我们所使用的教堂一词,指的是所有的宗教机构,不管它们是基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教或犹太教等。
  例句: In an urban society in which highly structured, fastpaced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird watching, can lead to selfrenewal and a more “balanced” way of life.
  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分为experiences of a different nature can lead to selfrenewal and a more ..., 定语从句in which...looms large in life修饰society,短语loom large意为 “(赫然出现)压在心头,威胁着,笼罩着”。
  译文: 在城市社会中,结构严密、步调迅速、充满压力的工作笼罩着人们的生活,某种不同性质的经历,不管是看电视还是观鸟,都能带来自我更新和一种“平衡的”生活方式。

  ——选自《考研英语语法重难点精解(2013)》 中国人民大学出版社
  第二章 句子 
  第六节 倒装句

  相关文章链接:《2013考研英语语法重难点精解》图书连载 
 

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