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指导:考研英语完型填空真题解析(2007~2009)

2007 年考研英语完形填空真题解析

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.

On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.

The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.

1. [ A ] natives [ B ] inhabitants [ C ] peoples [ D ] individuals

2. [ A ] confusedly [ B ] cheerfully [ C ] worriedly [ D ] hopefully

3. [ A ] shared [ B ] forgot [ C ] attained [ D ] rejected

4. [ A ] related [ B ] close [ C ] open [ D ] devoted

5. [ A ] access [ B ] succession [ C ] right [ D ] return

6. [ A ] Presumable [ B ] Incidentally [ C ] Obviously [ D ] Generally

7. [ A ] unique [ B ] common [ C ] particular [ D ] typical

8. [ A ] freedom [ B ] origin [ C ] impact [ D ] reform

9. [ A ] therefore [ B ] however [ C ] indeed [ D ] moreover

10. [ A ] with [ B ] about [ C ] among [ D ] by

11. [ A ] allowed [ B ] preached [ C ] granted [ D ] funded

12. [ A ] Since [ B ] If [ C ] Unless [ D ] While

13. [ A ] as [ B ] for [ C ] under [ D ] against

14. [ A ] spread [ B ] interference [ C ] exclusion [ D ] influence

15. [ A ] support [ B ] cry [ C ] plea [ D ] wish

16. [ A ] urged [ B ] intended [ C ] expected [ D ] promised

17. [ A ] controlling [ B ] former [ C ] remaining [ D ] original

18. [ A ] slower [ B ] faster [ C ] easier [ D ] tougher

19. [ A ] created [ B ] produced [ C ] contributed [ D ] preferred

20. [ A ] puzzled by [ B ] hostile to [ C ] pessimistic about [ D ] unprepared for

文章背景

本文主要介绍了西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地在获得独立后在政治宗教以及信念各个方面对未来的展望。虽然他们的领导人拥有共同的信念,即建立一个独立自主的国家,同时在经济上能够养活自己的国民,但在宗教自由以及教会的地位问题上,领导阶层之间的意见就不那么一致了。

文章结构

第一段:主要从政治方面进行叙述

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations loved 2 to the future. (总述)

many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals …(分述)

6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states …(分述)

第二段:主要从宗教方面进行叙述

On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less…

第二段:主要从殖民地领导人的理想方面叙述

On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less…

答案详解

1. 【解析】[ B ] 词汇辨析题。独立后的国家居民由原住民和移民共同构成,因此,强干扰项 A 可排除。而居民既包括原住民也包括移民,故选[ B ]。

2. 【解析】[ D ] 语义衔接题。前一句指出各殖民地已经独立,所以人们对未来的态度应该是积极的,而“充满希望地”与“对未来的展望”应该是最恰当的。

3. 【解析】[ A ] 语义衔接题。我们从 the ideals of representative government, careersto talent, freedom of commerce and trade, theto private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society … 这些字里行间看出这些 ideas 是现代制度和法律所支持的观念,虽然这些领导人出身于旧政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机之中,他们 ( 选择 ) 分享这些观念。可先排除否定意义的 B 、 D 项。 C 项 attain 这个词一般指的是通过不断的努力获得某种知识或达到某个目标。因此,正确答案为 A ,许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府。

4. 【解析】[ C ] 语义衔接 / 固定搭配题。本题目选择形容词,在句子中体现前、后名词之间的关系。 many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careersto talent, freedom of commerce and trade, … “许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府,职业……于人才,商业和贸易自由……”选项 A. related to 相关的; B. close to 接近; C. open to 公开的;开着的; D. devoted to 奉献的 ; 投入的。符合语境的只有 C. careers open to talent “职位向有才能的人开放”。

5. 【解析】[ C ] 语义衔接题。本题目选择名词,在句子中体现句子内容的连贯性。 many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, theto private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. “许多独立国家的领导人都认同议会政府,认为职业应该向人才开放,认可商业贸易自由,认可私有财产的……,认为个人是社会的基础”。选项 A. access to 接近;有权使用 ; B. succession to 继承; C. right to …的权利; D. return to 返回。从前面的“议会制政府”,“向人才开放的职业”,“商业和贸易自由”可以看出这里提到的是推动国家进步和发展,充分调动人们积极性的另一个理念“人们对私有财产的所有权”,故此处选择 right 。因此,正确答案为 C 。

6. 【解析】[ D ] 语义衔接题。本题目选择副词,体现前、后两个句子之间的逻辑关系。 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, “有一种……的信念,新独立的国家应该是自治并且独立的国家。”选项 A. presumably 大概; B. incidentally 偶然; C. obviously 显然; D. generally 普遍。在上文中 many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. “许多独立国家的领导人都认同议会政府,认为职业应该向人才开放,认可商业贸易自由,认可私有财产的……,认为个人是社会的基础。” 该句与后面的句子没有任何内容相反或转折的信号词,可以判断两个句子是顺接关系,后面承接上一句内容而来,继续介绍新的独立国家领导人都认同的理念。因此,正确答案为 D 。

7. 【解析】[ B ] 语义衔接 / 词义辨析题。本题目选择形容词,在句子中充当定语。 Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by aset of laws. “有一种普遍接受的信念,新独立的国家应该是自治并且独立的国家 , 要足够大并且能够在经济上运行良好,通过一套……的法律将各个新独立的国家联合”。选项 A. unique 唯一的; B. common 普通的; C. particular 特别的 , 独有的; D. typical 典型的。想要“联合各个国家”只有通过共同接受的法律才能够实现。因此,正确答案为 B 。

8. 【解析】[ A ] 语义衔接题。本题目选择名词,在句子中做宾语。句子叙述到 On the issue ofof religion and the position of the Church …。“关于宗教的……和教会地位的问题。”选项 A. freedom 自由; B. origin 起源; C. impact 影响; D. reform 改革。四个选项在句子中似乎都合理,确定该题目为语义衔接题。由于前文叙述内容未涉及宗教,所以信息在后文。浏览下面语句发现,罗马天主教是西班牙国教,是西班牙王室唯一认可的宗教。多数领导人致力于保留天主教为新国家的官方宗教;而另一些领导人致力于终结排斥其他宗教的状况。显然,是关于宗教信仰的自由问题产生分歧。因此,正确答案为 A 。

9. 【解析】[ B ] 逻辑衔接题。本题目选择逻辑关系词,体现前后句子之间的逻辑关系。 On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church,,there was less agreement …。“关于宗教信仰自由和教会地位的问题,各国领导人之间存在分歧。”选项 A. therefore 因此 ( 表结果 ) ; B. however 然而 ( 表转折 ) ; C. indeed 的确 ( 表确定 ) ; D. moreover 而且 ( 表递进 ) 。第一段中叙述到 Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. “有一种普遍接受的信念,新独立的国家应该是自治并且独立的国家 , 要足够大并且能够在经济上运行良好,通过一套共同的法律将各个新独立的国家联合”,介绍了新成立的独立国家领导人之间在治国理念方面的共识。而随后的语句 there was less agreementthe leadership ,提到的是他们之间存在的分歧,显然两部分之间为转折关系。因此,正确答案为 B 。

10. 【解析】[ C ] 惯用衔接题。本题目选择介词,体现叙述内容的范围。 On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church, however, there was less agreementthe leadership. “关于宗教信仰自由和教会地位的问题,各国领导人在主导地位……方面存在分歧。”本句表明各国领导人之间在宗教问题方面不那么有默契了, among 表示“在……之间”,这里 among the leadership 表范围。其他几个介词与后面内容搭配作状语时,都不表示范围。因此,正确答案为 C 。

11. 【解析】[ A ] 语义衔接题。本句话说:罗马天主教一直是国教,是西班牙王室准许的唯一宗教。与前一句“宗教自由”相对。由句中的 only 可推断,西班牙王室只承认罗马天主教。各个选项中只有 allow 有“允许”之意,故为答案。 C 项 grant 表示“准予,给予”,为强干扰项。但 grant 所接的间接宾语应当是该动作发出者能力范围或自身特点所拥有的东西。此句中,“天主教”并非源自皇室,皇室无法赋予他人某种宗教,故 C 不合适。

12. 【解析】[ D ] 逻辑衔接题。本题目选择连词,体现句子之间的逻辑关系。 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism … , some sought to end the … “大多数领导人致力于保留天主教,……一些人致力于结束……。”关于宗教信仰问题,领导人分成两个派别,即,多数领导人致力于保留天主教为新国家的官方宗教,而一些领导人致力于终结不能有其他宗教信仰的状况。显然,二者观点相异。因此,正确答案为 D 。注意 while 表示让步是常见考点。

13. 【解析】[ A ] 词汇辨析题。本题目选择介词,将后面的名词和前面句子的逻辑关系。 while most leaders sought to maintain Catholicismthe official religion of the new states, “大多数领导人致力于保留天主教……新的官方宗教。” 选项 A. as 作为; B. for 为了; C. under 在……之下; D. against 反对。显然这里 as the official religion of the new states 是方式状语,与 maintain 搭配使用,符合语义关系。因此,正确答案为 A 。

14. 【解析】[ C ] 语义衔接题。本题目选择名词,在句子中做宾语。句子叙述到 some sought to end theof other faiths. “一些领导人致力于结束对于其他宗教信仰的……。” 选项 A. spread 传播; B. interference 干涉; C. exclusion 排除; D. influence 影响。“长久以来西班牙王室只允许人们信奉罗马天主教,一些领袖打算依然把天主教定为国教”,此处与之对立的观点是:结束对其他宗教的排斥,即允许人们信奉其他宗教。 exclusion 用在此处符合语境,表示“结束对于其他宗教的排挤”。因此,正确答案为 C 。

15. 【解析】[ B ] 语义衔接 / 固定搭配题。选择名词,构成 rallying …的固定搭配。在句子中充当宾语。 The defense of the Church became a rallying for the conservative forces. 这里 rallying cry 为固定搭配,意为“ ( 起号召作用的 ) 战斗口号”。因此,正确答案为 B 。

16. 【解析】[ D ] 语义衔接题。本题目选择动词,与 to 构成搭配,在句子中充当谓语动词。 Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and hadin return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. “玻利瓦尔得到海地的援助,作为回报,他……在自己解放的地区废除奴隶制度。” 选项 A. urge 敦促; B. intend 打算; C. expect 期望; D. promise 答应。从句中的 in return 可以看出,海地对玻利瓦尔的帮助并非无条件的,其条件就是后者承诺废除奴隶制度。因此,正确答案为 D 。

17. 【解析】[ C ] 词汇辨析题。本题目选择形容词,修饰名词 colonies 。 By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain ’ scolonies. “到了 1854 年,除了西班牙……的殖民地外,其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制。” 选项 A. controlling 正在统治的; B. former 原来的; C. remaining 遗留的; D. original 原始的。因此应选 C ,指西班牙残存的殖民地国家。

18. 【解析】[ A ] 语义辨析题。 Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came muchbecause … “停止印地安人上贡和对混血人种征税的早期承诺实现得颇为……。”选项 A. slower 较慢; B. faster 较快; C. easier 较容易; D. tougher 较难。上文提到玻利瓦尔承诺废除奴隶制,到 1854 年除了西班牙剩余的殖民地外,其他地区都已废除奴隶制,因此,根据上下文可知,此处是说这个承诺实现得缓慢。因此,正确答案为 A 。

19. 【解析】[ B ] 语义衔接题。本题目选择动词,在定语从句中充当谓语动词。 the new nations still needed the revenue such policies. “新的国家仍然需要这些政策所……的税收收入。”选项 A. create 创建; B. produce 产生,生产; C. contribute 有助于; D. prefer 更喜欢。本题所在部分意为“新国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收收入”,这些税收收入是这些 policies 带来的,这里使用 produce 意思相近。 created 不能与“ revenue 收入”构成合理的主谓关系; contributed 有助于,一般要构成“ contribute to ”的短语才能够接宾语,在此不符合句子含义;选项 D. preferred 更喜欢,一般要构成“ prefer to ”的短语。句子中没有提供比较的参照,所以不涉及“更喜欢”,不符合句子含义。因此,正确答案为 B 。

20. 【解析】[ D ] 语义衔接 / 固定搭配题。 Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population wasself  rule and democracy. “平等的情绪通常被缓解,这是由于担心大众……自治和民主。” 选项 A. puzzled by 感到困惑; B. hostile to 敌对; C. pessimistic to 悲观; D. unprepared to 未准备好。由于新的独立国家的人们刚刚摆脱了殖民统治,因此人们还没有充分了解和熟悉自治和民主,这里使用 unprepared for 符合语境。因此,正确答案为 D 。

参考译文

到 1830 年,西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地已经成为独立国家。这些国家的大约两千万居民满怀希望地展望着未来。出生于旧体制以及伊比利亚殖民主义的紧要时期,这些独立国家的许多领导人都具有创建代表制政府、向有才能者开放职业、实行商贸自由并且尊重私有财产权以及坚持“个体是社会基础”的想法。当时,普遍存在这样的信念——新国家应该是自主、独立的国家,应该足以在经济上养活国民,并且通过一系列普通法律使国家完整。

不过,针对宗教自由以及教会的地位问题,领导阶层之间的意见就不那么一致了。天主教已经成为国家信仰,并且是西班牙国王承认的唯一信仰;虽然大多数领导人寻求维持天主教作为新国家的正式宗教,但是一些领导人却试图结束将其他信仰排除在外。保护教会成为保守力量的战斗号角。

独立国家的早期领导人的理想通常是实行平等主义,重视一切事物的平等。玻利瓦尔从海地获得了援助,作为回应,他承诺废除他所解放地区的奴隶制。到 1854 年,除了西班牙的前殖民地以外,所有地方都废除了奴隶制。实现停止征收印第安人贡物以及各民族人民赋税的早期承诺减缓了很多,因为新国家仍然需要这类税收。平等主义的情绪往往被民众对自治和民主尚未做好准备的恐惧所减缓。

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