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考研英语语法重难点精解(25):倒装句


  英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”,这种语序称为陈述句语序或自然语序(normal word order),如果把谓语的全部或一部分置于主语之前,就称为倒装语序(inverted word order),当谓语全部置于主语之前,称为全部倒装(full inversion);当谓语一部分(如助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前,称为部分倒装(partial inversion)。
  一、全部倒装
  (一)there be句型
  有时一些表示存在意义的不及物动词也可用于该句型,如:stand, lie, exist, live, remain, appear, come, happen, occur, rise等。
  例句: Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (选自2007年Use of English)
  分析: 该句是复合句,其中a belief与that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语关系,形容词短语large enough to be...作定语修饰states。
  译文: 他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家,大到经济上可运行良好,并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。
  例句: There stands a monument to Lin Zexu at the center of the square, which attracts a great many of visitors all the year round.
  分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句which attracts a great many of...修饰a monument。
  译文: 广场中心矗立着林则徐纪念碑,每年吸引着成千上万的游客。

  (二)here, there等词置于句首
  here, there, now, then, thus, hence置于句首而主语不是人称代词时,主谓倒装;如果主语是人称代词或非人称代词,主谓不倒装。
  例句: It is so late, and now is the hour when we must say goodbye.
  分析: 该句是并列句。
  译文: 太晚了,是该说再见的时候了。
  例句: ——Where is the report of urban plan made by the committee?
  ——There it is.
  分析: 上下句同为简单句。
  译文: ——委员会所做的城市规划放哪儿了?
  ——在这里。
  例句: Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.
  (选自2002年Text 1)
  分析: 该句是复合句,which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修饰story。
  译文: 举个例子,在一次护士大会上,我听到了一个效果很理想的幽默故事,因为听众都对医生持有相同的看法。

  (三)表示方向、地点的状语置于句首
  up, down, away, here, in, out, off等置于句首时,需要全部倒装。
  例句: Following the roar out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
  分析: 该句是简单句。
  译文: 一声吼叫过后,一只猛虎从丛林中蹿了出来。
  例句: In came a number of boys and girls talking and laughing.
  分析: 该句是简单句,talking and laughing在句中作伴随状语。
  译文: 一群孩子边说边笑走了进来。

  (四)作表语的形容词或分词置于句首
  例句: Present at the press conference were director and general manager of the Shenzhenbased enterprise.
  分析: 该句是简单句。
  译文: 出席记者招待会的是总部设在深圳的企业董事长和总经理。
  例句: Lying unconsciously under the tree was an old man aged 75.
  分析: 该句是简单句,aged 75修饰an old man,作后置定语。
  译文: 一位75岁高龄的老人躺在树下,已经不省人事。

  二、部分倒装
  (一)否定词或具有(半)否定意义的词或词组置于句首作状语
  如:never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, seldom, little, no sooner...than, hardly...when,scarcely...when (before), not only, in no case (in no way, at no time, on no account, by no means,under no circumstances,in no respects)(决不,在任何情况下都不), no longer/no more (不再)。
  例句: Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (2005年第46题)
  分析: 该句是复合句,and前是一复合句,定语从句by which...修饰the means,后一分句中never置于句首引起倒装。
  译文: 电视是制造和表达这些情绪的方式之一,在加强不同民族和国家之间的联系方面,电视也许还从来没有像在欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。
  例句: Not only is there a wide range of prices for goods in America, there is also a wide range in the quality of goods offered for sale.
  分析: 该句是并列句。
  译文: 美国商品不仅价格变化很大,而且供出售的商品质量也有很大不同。
  例句: Under no circumstance should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of both the people and the state.
  分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that will benefit...both and the state修饰anything, under no circumstance置于句首引起倒装。
  译文: 在任何情况下,我们都不应只为了自己的利益而不惜损害祖国和人民的利益。

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